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The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the Conservation and Management of Middle-European Populations of the Great Bustard is a multilateral environmental memorandum of understanding and was concluded in 2000 under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention, and came into effect on 1 June 2001. It aims to protect the Middle-European populations of the great bustard and to manage modern agriculture throughout its range in Central Europe in order to save the remaining individuals. The MoU covers 17 range states (Albania, Austria, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, European Union, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, The Republic of Macedonia and Ukraine). As of August 2012, 13 range states have signed the MoU as well as a number of cooperating organizations. == Development of MoU == To implement the decision of the Fourth Conference of the Parties of CMS to list the great bustard (''Otis tarda'') on Appendix II of the Convention as a consequence of its unfavourable conservation status and the conviction that the species could benefit from an international agreement for its conservation and management and the middle-European population on Appendix I of the Convention taking into consideration the threatened status, an Article IV agreement was concluded in 2000 and entered into effect on 1 June 2001 after signature by the fifth range state. As of August 2012, the MoU has 13 signatories. Signatories to the Great Bustard MoU: * Romania (9 September 2000) * Hungary (7 October 2000) * The Republic of Macedonia (7 October 2000) * Moldova (19 December 2000) * Bulgaria (16 May 2001) * Greece (22 May 2001) * Austria (28 November 2001) * Slovakia (28 November 2001) * Ukraine (17 April 2002) * Albania (18 April 2002) * Croatia (4 June 2002) * Germany (18 September 2002) * Czech Republic (18 February 2008) In addition, four organizations have signed the MoU as collaborators: * BirdLife International (7 October 2000) * International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC) (10 October 2000) * IUCN (7 October 2000) * UNEP/CMS Secretariat (5 October 2000) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Great Bustard Memorandum of Understanding」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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